WP 5 - Objectives
General objectives
Investigate and compare ecosystems managed for provision of palm products, defining indicators of sustainability and measures and actions to improve management, and implement relevant actions via the collaboration with other projects.
Specific objectives:
1. Describe systems used to manage palm resources in northwestern South America.
This objective was achieved with the following paper:
Bernal, R., C. Torres, N. García, C. Isaza, J. Navarro, M. I. Vallejo, G. Galeano. & H. Balslev. 2011. Palm management in South America. The Botanical Review 77(4): 607-646.
2. Identify sustainable and unsustainable elements of the systems and their drivers.
This objective was achieved on a broad scale with the paper cited under objective 1, and on a specific level for particular species, with the following papers:
García, N., M. C. Torres, N. Valderrama, R. Bernal, A. Barrera, G. Galeano 2011. Management of the spiny palm Astrocaryum malybo in Colombia for the production of mats. Palms 55(4): 190-199.
Navarro, J. A., G. Galeano & R. Bernal. 2011. Impact of leaf harvest on populations of Lepidocaryum tenue, an Amazonian understory palm used for thatching. TropicalConservation Science 4 (1): 25-38.
Vallejo, M. I., N. Valderrama, R. Bernal, G. Galeano, G. Arteaga y C. Leal. 2011. Producción de palmito de Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Arecaceae) en la Costa Pacífica colombiana: estado actual y perspectivas. Colombia Forestal 14(2): 187-208.
García, N., G. Galeano, R. Bernal & H. Balslev. 2013. Management of Astrocaryum standleyanum (Arecaceae) for handicraft production in Colombia. Ethnobotany Research & Applications 11: 85-101.
García, N. 2013. Evaluación del efecto de la cosecha de Astrocaryum standleyanum y Astrocaryum chambira para la obtención de fibras en Colombia y propuestas de manejo para su uso sostenible. Ph. D. Thesis, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. Advisor: Gloria Galeano.
Isaza, C., G. Galeano & R. Bernal. 2013. Manejo actual de Mauritia flexuosa para la producción de frutos en el sur de la Amazonia colombiana. Pp. 243-273 in González, V., A. Rial, C. Lasso & E. Santana (eds.). Morichales de la Orinoquia y la Amazonia. Colombia y Venezuela. Serie Recursos Hidrobiológicos. Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá.
Torres, C. 2011. Impacto de la cosecha y manejo de la palma sará (Copernicia tectorum) para uso artesanal en la región caribe de Colombia. M. Sc. Thesis, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. Advisor: Gloria Galeano.
Vallejo, M.I. 2013. Impacto de la cosecha de palmito sobre la estructura y dinámica poblacional de Euterpe oleracea en la Costa Pacífica colombiana. Ph. D. Thesis, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. Advisor: Gloria Galeano.
García, N., G. Galeano, L. Mesa, N. Castaño, H. Balslev & R. Bernal. Submitted. Management of the palm Astrocaryum chambira (Arecaceae): a declining incipient domesticate of northwest Amazon. Submitted to Acta Botanica Brasilica (2013-October).
Vallejo, M.I., G. Galeano, R. Bernal, and P. Zuidema. Submitted. The fate of populations of Euterpe oleracea harvested for palm heart in Colombia. Submitted to Forest Ecology and Management (2013-October)
3. Define criteria for a sustainable management including indicators for monitoring.
This objective was achieved with the following paper:
Galeano, G., R. Bernal, C. Isaza, J. Navarro, N. García, M. I. Vallejo & C. Torres. 2010. Evaluación de la sostenibilidad del manejo de palmas. Ecología en Bolivia 45(3): 85-101.
4. Summarize actions needed by different groups of stake-holders.
This objective has been partially achieved at a national level in Colombia and Ecuador, through the publication of the following books:
Bernal, R. & G. Galeano (Eds.). 2013. Cosechar sin destruir. Aprovechamiento sostenible de palmas colombianas. Editorial Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales-Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. 244 pp.
Valencia, R., R. Montúfar, H. Navarrete & H. Balslev. 2013. Palmas ecuatorianas: biología y uso sostenible. Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito.
And it will be developed at a regional level in the final report of WP5 with D13.
Additionally, the following booklets have recommendations on the appropriate management of species widely distributed in the project countries. These materials are being delivered for free to the local communities involved in the management of the respective species.
García, N., G. Galeano, R. Bernal, A. Nacimiento, H. Noriega & V. Ángel. 2013. Cartilla para el manejo y aprovechamiento de la palma de chambira (Astrocaryum chambira). Grupo de Investigación en Palmas Silvestres Neotropicales. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 44 p.
García, N., G. Galeano, R. Bernal, H. Chamarra, Z. Chamarra & C. Cuero. 2013. Cartilla para el manejo y aprovechamiento de la palma de güérregue (Astrocaryum standleyanum). Grupo de Investigación en Palmas Silvestres Neotropicales. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 44 p.
García, N., G. Galeano, R. Bernal & O. Pedrozo. 2013. Cartilla para el manejo y aprovechamiento de la palma estera (Astrocaryum malybo). Grupo de Investigación en Palmas Silvestres Neotropicales. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 40 p.
Navarro-L. J.A., G. Galeano, R. Bernal, A.M. Arcángel, y E. Kuiru. 2013. Cartilla para el manejo de las palmas usadas para techar: caraná (Lepidocaryum tenue) y zancona (Socratea exorrhiza). Grupo de Investigación en Palmas Silvestres Neotropicales. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 36 p.
Isaza C., L. A. Núñez, G. Galeano, R. Bernal, A. Nacimiento, R. Da Silva y A. Piñeros. 2013. Cartilla para la cosecha y el manejo de palmas productoras de frutos (asaí, canangucho y milpesos). Grupo de Investigación en Palmas Silvestres Neotropicales. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 38 p.
Vallejo, M.I., G. Galeano & R. Bernal & Comunidades afrodescendientes de Guapi e Iscuandé. 2013. Cartilla para el aprovechamiento de palmito de la palma de naidí (Euterpe oleracea). Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, D.C. 36 p.
And the following video:
Salcedo, M., R. Bernal & G. Galeano. 2013. La palma de naidí-The açai palm. Video. 15 minutes.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOPPXf72ay8 (English captions) – 1173 hits as of October 17, 2013
www.youtube.com/watch?v=t04EP9ywux8 (No captions) – 3257 hits as of October 4, 2013
5. Implement actions via collaboration with other institutions and projects.
Implementation of actions is a lengthy process that requires much lobbying and discussion. Actions are being implemented at the national level in Colombia through the Ministry of the Environment, which in past September launched a National Program of Palm Conservation, involving all local environmental authorities, and to be developed by the team of WP5. In Ecuador, similar advances are expected soon, as a former member of the Ecuadorian team, Lucía de la Torre, is now a consultant of the Ministry of the Environment on the issue of NTFP. A similar action is also expected to take place in Peru, where Betty Millán will bring to the National Commission on Biological Diversity (CONADIB), of which she is a member, any factors representing a trouble to NTFP use or management.
At the local level, actions have been implemented in Colombia for the palma estera (Astrocaryum malybo), in collaboration with Corpocesar, the regional environmental authority.
As a result of the project, discussions are now underway between the Colombian Palm Research Team and the Colombian NGO Patrimonio Natural, to develop a project aimed to develop management actions in the Caribbean lowlands, with funds from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
Additionally, discussions are also underway with the Humboldt Institute (the Colombian National Institute in charge of biological resources) to fund a national follow up of PALMS.
